The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement:

If you haven’t been reading slashdot lately, you might not know that representatives from the governments of most of the developed world have recently been participating in some top-secret meetings aimed at establishing something called the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, or ACTA for short. Now, according to Michael Geist, the proposed agreement actually has very little to do with counterfeiting, and an awful lot to do with copyright protections for big content – the same guys who influenced the USA’s Digital Millenium Copyright Act. Based on leaked information, Geist has pieced together a very good explanation of the proposed agreement as an online slide show that I snagged from TVO’s Search Engine blog:

Now as you might expect, quite a few people got uppity when they found out that the government was participating in secret meetings with the aim of establishing a global copyright treaty that would bypass the house of commons and fly in the face of last summer’s copyright consultations. So many people in fact, that NDP MP Charlie Angus questioned Industry Minister Tony Clement about it during yesterday’s question period. Thanks to the work of Fair Copyright for Canada, a video of their exchange is available on YouTube:

I too am pretty incensed at the government for keeping this all as hush-hush as they have. As I understand, copyright isn’t even a law in Canada – it is in fact a right, and one that must be exercised by the right holder. In my opinion, it is not the business of the government or of the Internet at large to take care of exercising this right for the holder. Further, much of the leaked information about this law points to it having a clause that bans internet access to any person who has been accused (read: not convicted) of breaking copyright three times. If implemented, this clause would be open to abuse, and far too wide-ranging for my comfort.

Can Software Be Patented?

On a related note, the Supreme Court in the United States is apparently deciding something or other about the legitimacy of software patents this week. While I admit that I haven’t really kept up with the issue enough to appreciate its gravity, the resulting press has lead me to this incredible article on Groklaw that provides a beautiful explanation of Computation Theory and its implications on Patent law.

Of course, I learned all of the stuff in the article in school, but have never seen it explained as simply or applied as practically as the author does in the article. For those who are looking for a printed copy that will persist link rot, a PDF of the article is available here on my server. It’s a lengthy read, but most certainly worth your time if you are at all interested in computers, their history, and its implications on modern law.

Praise is a Strange Thing:

Another lengthy read, this article from New York magazine really got me thinking. It deals with the types of praise that parents give their children, and the implications of that praise throughout their lives. Essentially, there are two kinds of praise: Telling your child that he accomplished his goals because he is smart, and telling your child that she accomplished her goals because she worked hard at doing so. The former gives a false sense of achievement that doesn’t provide a framework for what to do in cases of failure. As a result, children praised in this manner tend to avoid things that they do not naturally do well at, even though they may be accomplished in other areas of life. A related article that I found over on Pixel Poppers considers the implications of this kind of research on video games. Specifically, the author discusses the ‘fake achievement’ that RPGs provide players when their characters level up in lieu of actual skills, and asks if this alone could be responsible for problems encountered in other areas of life.

Back to Studying:

Well, that’s about it for me. I’m back to procrastinating studying for finals.

Cheers,

Jon

Now it should be said from the outset that this process is a little bit ugly and a tad long winded, but that it does a really swell job and is full of opportunities to improve upon and to customize it for your particular situation.

Read on for the full tutorial – now with pretty pictures!

What You’ll Need:

• A Windows computer, prefferably running Vista (Windows is necessary, but this can be done on XP)
• A copy of Areca Backup (I grabbed the v6.1 stable release)
• The Java Runtime (Optionally, you might already have this; run the Areca installer and it will automatically direct you to the correct download if necessary)
• Some free space to put your backup, optionally encrypted and mounted with TrueCrypt for extra-lucky-fun-security-time.
• About a half hour of free time

Setting Up Areca:

Lets begin by opening up Areca. This utility will allow you to easily create scripted backup events to any location on your machine. We are going to use it to create a couple of these batch scripts and then use Windows Task Scheduler to automatically execute them on a daily basis.

We need to start by creating a workspace. Click the Workspace menu and select Open Workspace. Choose some folder that you aren’t going to delete where Areca can store it’s configuration files. I chose C:\Users\Jonathan\Documents\Areca\ for mine.

Next, we need to create a backup group. Click the Edit menu and select New Group. Enter a title and description (optional) for your group and hit Save.

Now, you’ll see that group you just created has appeared in the right hand panel of the Areca main screen.

Right click on it and select New Target from the context menu. This brings up the Target Edition dialogue box, where we define where and how our backup should take place. Give the target a name, make sure that Local Repository is selected, and hit the Browse button.

The Local Repository is where you want your backups to be saved. Mine are being saved to an external hard drive that I’ve encrypted with TrueCrypt. Ideally, you want to put your backups on a different physical disk than the one that you work off of every day. This way, if your disk crashes, gets a virus, or gets otherwise corrupted, your backups should not be affected. You can choose a hard drive that you have installed in your machine, an external drive plugged in via USB or Firewire, or a network drive that is shared from another machine in your house.

Finally, ensure that the Storage Mode is set to Standard. At this point, your screen should look something like this:
Select Sources from the left side panel of the Target Edition dialogue box. This where you want to add all of the files and folders that you would like to backup.

When you hit the Add button, Another box pops up that gives you the option to add either a Directory or a File. If you want to backup an entire Folder, like for example C:\Users\Jonathan\Music, then choose Directory. If instead, you want to backup a specific file, like C:\Users\Jonathan\Documents\Secret Spaghetti Sauce Recipe.txt, then choose File. After selecting the file or folder that you want to backup, hit the Save button to add that file or folder to the backup set. Repeat for as many items as you would like to have backed up.

One note to make here is that these backup folders are recursive. This means that if you add the folder C:\Users\Jonathan\Documents to your backup set, all files and folders within that one are also automatically included in your backup. So, if you are a normal user who doesn’t have a lot of large files like video or music files lying around, adding the folder C:\Users\YourName\ (Vista) or C:\Documents and Settings\YourName\ (WinXP) to the backup set should ensure that all of your important files are backed up.

For reference, my backup set looks something like this:
As you can see, I have included a mix of folders and files. If you find yourself adding more than 10 files to the backup set, you should probably consider reorganizing your documents folder before continuing. The worst thing in the world is to restore your files from a backup set, only to realize that you forgot that one really important file.

Ok, just two more settings and we can get on to the fun stuff.
Select Compression from the left side panel of the Target Edition dialogue box. In this window, we just want make sure that the compression mode is set to Zip 64 and that the Add .zip Extension to Filenames box at the bottom is checked. This will make sure that if for whatever reason you want to restore your files without using Areca, you can do so with any zip utility, and that your zip files can grow to be more than 4GB in size (in case you have media in there). Finally, select Description from the side panel, and type in a description of this backup set. Mine just says “My Backup.” Alright, now you can hit the Save button.

At this point, if you would like to, you can repeat the above instructions to make another backup set for awesome customizability action. You could, for example, create one backup that runs just your normal small files daily, and another set that backs up your large music and video files just once a week. This can be a time and space saver in your backup location, while still making sure that the most recent copy of all your important files are backed up.

Makin’ Scripts:

So we’ve created a workspace, a group, a backup set, and defined what files should be put in that backup set. This is where Areca ceases to be useful and we turn to Windows Task Scheduler to do our dirty work. We are going to use Areca to create two scripts that will perform full and differential backups respectively, and then use Windows Task Scheduler to schedule those scripts to run when we arent using the computer. This lets us automate the backup process so that we (almost) don’t have to worry about it until your hard drive chews on a brick.

Back in Areca, right-click on your backup set, and choose Wizards->Generate Backup Shortcut from the context menu. This dialogue lets you create the batch scripts that I just mentioned. Choose a location on your hard drive that you aren’t going to delete (I chose the same folder that I put my backup group in so that everything is in the same place), and call the first script backup_full.bat. Change the type to Full Backup, and make sure that the Scope is For the Selected Item Only. This will create a batch script that performs a full backup of your files – a copy of every byte of every file in your backup set.

Hit Save to get back to the main screen. Now, right-click on your backup set, and choose Wizards->Generate Backup Shortcut again to create the second script. Select the same folder as last time, but this time call the script backup_diff.bat, and change the type to Differential. Again, make sure that the Scope is set to Selected Item Only. This will create a batch script that performs a differential backup of your files by comparing their current state to that of the last full backup and only including new or changed files in the backup set.

Task Scheduling Action:

We are going to set up Windows Task Scheduler to run the full backup once a week, and the differential backup on the other six days of the week. This means that once a week, we will make a full copy of all of our files, and on each of the other six days of the week, we will copy only the files that have been added or changed since the last full copy. This allows us to keep the time spent on backups relatively short, while still providing the security of a good backup set. The instructions below deal with how to set up Task Scheduling on Windows Vista installations. For Windows XP instructions, see this Microsoft Knowledge Base article.

Task Scheduling for Vista:

Open up the Control Panel, click Classic View on the left side panel, and double-click on the Administrative Tools icon. In this folder, double-click on the Task Scheduler icon. This will bring up the Task Scheduler window. Open the Action menu and select Create Basic Task. In the window that appears, enter Full Backup for the name, and an optional description:

Click Next and choose Weekly, then click Next and set up your recursion options like this (Where the start date is today’s date):

Click Next, choose Start a Program, and click Next again. Now browse for the backup_full.bat file that we created earlier. Leave the Arguments and Start In boxes blank. The form should look like this:

Hit Next and then Finish.

Now we want to (almost) repeat the above process to schedule our differential backup. Open the Action menu and select Create Basic Task. In the window that appears, enter Differential Backup for the name, and an optional description:

Click Next and choose Weekly, then click Next and set up your recursion options. This time, we’re scheduling our differential backup to run on every day that our full backup does not. So before, I set my full backup to run on Monday. Now, I want my differential backup to run on every other day of the week:

Click Next, choose Start a Program, and click Next again. Now browse for the backup_diff.bat file that we created earlier. Leave the Arguments and Start In boxes blank. The form should look like this:

Hit Next and then Finish.

Now, if you click on the Task Scheduler Library node underneath the Task Scheduler node on the left side panel, you will see the two tasks that you just created.

Congratulations! Your backup is scheduled and ready to run. If you would like to run it right away, go to the Areca folder where you saved the backup_full.bat file, and double click on it. A console window will pop up with a bunch of gross stuff inside of it. When it closes, the backup is finished.

To Recap:

We used Areca to create a backup set, along with two batch files:

1. backup_full.bat creates an exact copy of all files in your backup set once a week. This will be a huge zip file because it contains everything.
2. backup_diff.bat creates a copy of any files that have been created or modified since the last time backup_full.bat was run. This happens on every day of the week that backup_full.bat does not run, resulting in incremental backups created throughout the week.

Won’t This Create an Awful lot of Big Files?

In a word, yes. Neither of these scripts will ever clean up their messes – so you’ll eventually have backups years old in your backup folder. This is no big deal if you’re backing up Word documents or your family photo albums, but if you’re backup up music or video files, you may fill up your destination drive within a matter of weeks.

If this is the case, you should either manually delete old backups once in awhile, or use this handy tool that deletes zip files that were created more than three weeks ago in your backup directory (Requires Microsoft .NET Framework Runtime):

Download: Backup Directory Cleanup Tool

Compiled Executable: [BackupDirectoryCleanup.exe] (28K)
MD5: E3B0F840BC68D73A160D0551971188DE
SHA1: 37D8B1F3F652EDC01685EC5AE43B5F9F1C10B6AB

Source Code: [BackupDirectoryCleanupSource.zip] (46K)
MD5: 6F8E4691D2B2B554154C90E757B3BD37
SHA1: EFD815F867D3319CF6779F10691F0DC417DA50E2

I suggest using Tyler Burton’s Hash Verifier tool to ensure the integrity of this download.

To add this application to our tasks, download it to a location where it won’t be deleted and open up the Control Panel. Click Classic View on the left side panel, and double-click on the Administrative Tools icon. In this folder, double-click on the Task Scheduler icon. This will bring up the Task Scheduler window. Open the Action menu and select Create Basic Task. In the window that appears, enter Directory Cleanup for the name, and an optional description. Click Next and choose Monthly, then click Next and set up your recursion options like this (Where the start date is today’s date):

As you can see, I chose to run the application every three months on the first day of the month. That should be sufficient to prevent too much clutter on your backup drive, but you can run it more often if you like. Click Next, choose Start a Program, and click Next again. Now browse for the BackupDirectoryCleanup.exe file that we downloaded earlier. In the Arguments text box, enter -p path where path is the full path to your backup folder. In my case, it is E:\ because I’m backing up to an external drive:

Click Next and then Finish. Note that this application may encounter some serious problems with permissions. It does request information about your file system, and has the capacity to delete files. If windows moans, either figure out how to launch it as an administrator (that’s in the advanced settings for a task), or clean out your directory manually, because this article is already way too long to discuss permissions as well.

In Conclusion:

Backing up your files is something that we should all take just a little more seriously. In my setup, where all of my computers are protected with full disk encryption from TrueCrypt, having an unencrypted backup lying around somewhere pokes a big hole in my security policy.

While this solution may be a little messy and requires you to fool with batch files and control panel items, it is fairly straightforward and results in a simple, robust, and reliable backup system that is secure and easy to set up and maintain. I hope that this article helped you solve your backup issues. May your hard drive not suck a lemon,

Jonathan

Edit: Fixed a couple links, corrected some grammar, and cursed WordPress for failing to format my stuff properly.

Download the Program

The program is pretty simple to use. Just follow these handy steps:

1. Download the zip file and unzip it to a directory of your choice
2. Open iTunes and close the Zune jukebox software
3. Right click on the playlist that you wish to export and select ‘Export Song List…’ from the context menu
4. Choose where you’d like to save the playlist, and ensure that ‘Save as Type’ is set to *.xml
5. Launch the ‘iTunes to Zune Playlist Converter.exe’ application from the unzip directory
6. Use the browse button to load the saved *.xml file into the ‘iTunes Playlist File (XML)’ field
7. Use the browse button to choose where you’d like to save the converted Zune Playlist file. Note that for the Zune player to recognize the new playlist, it must be saved to C:\Documents and Settings\User\My Documents\My Music\Zune\Playlists\ on Windows XP, or C:\Users\UserName\Music\Zune\Playlists on Windows Vista.
8. Click the ‘Convert’ button, and wait for the success message box to pop up.
9. Launch the Zune jukebox software and go into the ‘Playlists’ view. You should see your newly created playlist in the pane to the left. Note that it might take a second to recognize the playlist, and another minute or two after that until the list is playable, depending on the size of the list. This is because the Zune software has to sift through the playlist and link each referenced file to one in its current library before the list can be used.

It is important to remember that this only works if the iTunes library and the Zune library in question are drawing from the same media files. This means that you should have the Zune jukebox software set to monitor the iTunes music folder that you are drawing from, so that the same files are referenced in both programs’ libraries.

Cheers,

Jon

Originally posted at jakebillo.com